论刑警的临战心理及调适

刑警是一种高应激的职业,在办案过程中,经常会出现紧张情绪,因此认识紧张、了解紧张、调适紧张情绪,使自己达到最佳心理状态,才能应对日益复杂、繁重的工作。     

法律职业化与司法现代化关系的若干理论问题

法律职业化与司法现代化的共同理论语境是现代性理论 ,共同实践背景是法制现代化运动。法律职业化意味着一个经过法学理论熏陶和法律知识传授之法律职业家共同体的形成 ,这个职业家共同体共享法律价值并娴熟于法律技能。司法现代化作为法制现代化的一个重要组成部分 ,倡导并通过现代司法制度确认司法独立、程序正义、程序效率等基本价值准则。法律职业化与司法现代化之间的理论关联可以从法律与经济关系、司法独立与程序正义、司法制度资源供给与分享、法律作为科学学科和知识体系、司法效率实现等多种维度进行分析和把握。     

集体土地所有权与使用权非法转让现状及处理

我国现行的土地使用权出让和转让制度,不包括集体土地使用权的出让和转让。随着社会经济的发展,集体土地使用权为满足各种经济需求,以各种形式在市场中流转,并日益活跃,大量的农村集体土地交易行为处于效力不稳定状态之下,引发大量纠纷的产生。具体分析集体土地所有权与使用权非法转让的客观现状及类型,结合实际提出对集体土地所有权与使用权纠纷案件的处理原则及对集体土地所有权与使用权纠纷合同效力的认定和处理原则,是完善我国集体土地所有权与使用权法律制度的重要内容。     

“紧急状态”、“战争状态”概念及辨析

紧急状态和战争状态是我国法律必须明确却而尚未明确的两个概念。紧急状态是相当程度危险下的一国国内的社会状态 ;依据不同的标准 ,可以对其外延作不同划分。战争状态可以从传统国际法和国内法两个层次上理解。紧急状态和战争状态的关系取决于一国法律对紧急状态的界定和在什么意义上阐述战争状态。     

韩国国家安全与表达自由案例研究

国家安全与表达自由之间的冲突是每一个国家在任何一个历史阶段均必须直面的重大问题。韩国专制主义盛行的20世纪60年代至90年代中期所涉及的“国家安全与表达自由”典型司法案例反映了韩国普通法院及宪法法院在衡平这两者价值间冲突的立场变迁及韩国法院在维护人权和促进韩国民主与法制发展中所扮演的角色,可为中国学界在“国家安全与表达自由”这样复杂而又棘手的问题上,提供些许可借鉴的外域经验。     

陕甘宁边区的民事立法及其对当代民法典编纂的启示

发轫于战争特殊时代的陕甘宁边区民事法律,是边区法律制度的重要组成部分。民国六法全书、中共的政策、边区民事立法、民事习惯构成了边区民事法律的主要渊源。中共领导了边区民事立法,体现出民主立法、与时更进、因地制宜等特征,深入分析边区民事立法的基本经验,有助于推动当代中国民法典的编纂。     

Los Congresos Estatales y la Política Federal en México: state legislatures and federal policymaking in Mexico

The Mexican Constitution, in the Poder Legislativo, grants state legislatures the authority to introduce legislation (iniciativas de ley) in the federal congress. In this paper the authors examine this powerful mechanism through which the Mexican state legislatures can directly influence policymaking at the federal level. Using a new data set of state-led initiatives, this work: describes the frequency with which iniciativas are introduced; describes the substance, timing, and final disposition of these state-led initiatives; and explains which factors affect the probability of presenting a state-led initiative. The authors find that party competition and partisan divisions at the state and federal levels play a significant role in the use of iniciativas de los congresos estatales. The authors’ study of this peculiar authority granted to the Mexican states contributes to the rich discussion of the changing role of the states in the era of Mexico’s nuevo federalismo.     

关于ＷＴＯ协定与外资国民待遇的若干思考

综观ＷＴＯ协定中的有关条款,尽管其在许多方面对国民待遇原则有了重在发展,但各领域的发燕尾服很不平衡,特别是在国际直接投资领域,国民待遇问题实际上还没有被ＷＴＯ提上议程,本认为,即使在ＷＴＯ体制下,有条件的国民待遇仍具有不可改变的属性。     

The Distribution of Household Property Crimes

Previous studies have established that repeat victimizations occur more frequently than would be expected if households within a particular area were victimized randomly. This implies that characteristics of the household affect the victimization rate. Even controlling for these characteristics, we find that a Poisson model does not capture the distribution of victimizations because repeat victimizations are more concentrated than it would indicate. This leads us to adopt the negative binomial generalization of the Poisson model. Our analysis uses sociodemographic attributes of the household and community-level characteristics to predict victimizations, with the victimization data being the observed number of property crime victimizations from the 1992 British Crime Survey. The negative binomial generalization is found to be highly statistically significant and the crime concentration it implies becomes much more marked as the predicted number of victimizations increases.     

The relationship of perceptions and emotions to behavior in the face of collective inequality

The present experiment investigated the role of emotions and perceptions in determining the overt behavior of disadvantaged group members. Three limitations to the existing psychological research are presented as a possible reason for the present inability to describe a consistent relationship between the emotions and perceptions of those faced with intergroup inequalities and their subsequent actions. The present experiment attempted to address these limitations by employing a laboratory paradigm in which subjects actually engage in overt behavior. As well, a broader array of emotions and perceptions were assessed and subjects were offered a variety of behaviors from which to choose. The findings point to a relatively strong relationship between emotions and perceptions on the one hand, and overt action on the other. Feelings of frustration and anger, the perception of one's personal treatment as satisfactory and just, and hope of future improvement of one's position combined to discriminate between subjects who accepted their disadvantaged position, those who took normative forms of action, those who reacted in an individual nonnormative way, and those who chose collective nonnormative behavior.